McKinsey PPT Design Framework
Overview
This skill encodes the complete design specification for professional business presentations — a consultant-grade PowerPoint framework based on McKinsey design principles. It includes:
- - 36 layout patterns across 7 categories (structure, data, framework, comparison, narrative, timeline, team)
- Color system and strict typography hierarchy
- Python-pptx code patterns ready to copy and customize
- Three-layer defense against file corruption (zero
p:style leaks) - Chinese + English font handling (KaiTi / Georgia / Arial)
All specifications have been refined through iterative user feedback to ensure visual consistency and professional polish.
When to Use This Skill
Use this skill when users ask to:
- 1. Create presentations — pitch decks, strategy presentations, quarterly reviews, board meeting slides, consulting deliverables, project proposals, business plans
- Generate slides programmatically — using python-pptx to produce .pptx files from scratch
- Apply professional design — McKinsey / BCG / Bain consulting style, clean flat design, no shadows or gradients
- Build specific slide types — cover pages, data dashboards, 2x2 matrices, timelines, funnels, team introductions, executive summaries, comparison layouts
- Fix PPT issues — file corruption ("needs repair"), shadow/3D artifacts, inconsistent fonts, Chinese text rendering problems
- Maintain design consistency — unified color palette, font hierarchy, spacing, and line treatments across all slides
Core Design Philosophy
McKinsey Design Principles
- 1. Extreme Minimalism - Remove all non-essential visual elements
- No color blocks unless absolutely necessary
- Lines: thin, flat, no shadows or 3D effects
- Shapes: simple, clean, no gradients
- Text: clear hierarchy, maximum readability
- 2. Consistency - Repeat visual language across all slides
- Unified color palette (navy + cyan + grays)
- Consistent font sizes and weights for same content types
- Aligned spacing and margins
- Matching line widths and styles
- 3. Hierarchy - Guide viewer through information
- Title bar (22pt) → Sub-headers (18pt) → Body (14pt) → Details (9pt)
- Navy for primary elements, gray for secondary, black for divisions
- Visual weight through bold, color, size (not through effects)
- 4. Flat Design - No 3D, shadows, or gradients
- Pure solid colors only
- All lines are simple strokes with no effects
- Shapes have no shadow or reflection effects
- Circles are solid fills, not 3D spheres
Design Specifications
Color Palette
All colors in RGB format for python-pptx:
| Color Name | Hex | RGB | Usage | Notes |
|---|
| NAVY | #051C2C | (5, 28, 44) | Primary, titles, circles | Corporate, formal tone |
| CYAN |
#00A9F4 | (0, 169, 244) | Originally used in v1 |
DEPRECATED - Use NAVY for consistency |
|
WHITE | #FFFFFF | (255, 255, 255) | Backgrounds, text | On navy backgrounds only |
|
BLACK | #000000 | (0, 0, 0) | Lines, text separators | For clarity and contrast |
|
DARK_GRAY | #333333 | (51, 51, 51) | Body text, descriptions | Main content text |
|
MEDGRAY | #666666 | (102, 102, 102) | Secondary text, labels | Softer tone than DARKGRAY |
|
LINE_GRAY | #CCCCCC | (204, 204, 204) | Light separators, table rows | Table separators only |
|
BG_GRAY | #F2F2F2 | (242, 242, 242) | Background panels | Takeaway/highlight areas |
Key Rule: Use navy (#051C2C) everywhere, especially for:
- - All circle indicators (A, B, C, 1, 2, 3)
- All action titles
- All primary section headers
- All TOC highlight colors
Accent Colors (for multi-item differentiation)
When a slide contains 3 or more parallel items (e.g., comparison cards, pillar frameworks, multi-category overviews), use these accent colors to create visual distinction between items. Without accent colors, parallel items become visually indistinguishable.
| Accent Name | Hex | RGB | Paired Light BG | Usage |
|---|
| ACCENTBLUE | #006BA6 | (0, 107, 166) | #E3F2FD | First item accent |
| ACCENTGREEN |
#007A53 | (0, 122, 83) | #E8F5E9 | Second item accent |
|
ACCENT_ORANGE | #D46A00 | (212, 106, 0) | #FFF3E0 | Third item accent |
|
ACCENT_RED | #C62828 | (198, 40, 40) | #FFEBEE | Fourth item / warning |
Accent Color Rules:
- - Use accent colors for: card top accent borders (thin 0.06" rect), circle labels (
add_oval() bg param), section sub-headers (fontcolor) - Use paired light BG for: card background fills only
- Body text inside cards ALWAYS remains DARKGRAY (#333333)
- NAVY remains the primary color for single-focus elements (one card, one stat, cover title)
- Use accent colors ONLY when the slide has 3+ parallel items that need visual distinction
- The fourth item (D) can use NAVY instead of ACCENT_RED if red feels inappropriate for the content
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Typography System
Font Families
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Critical Implementation:
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Every paragraph with Chinese text MUST apply set_ea_font() to all runs.
Font Size Hierarchy
| Size | Type | Examples | Notes |
|---|
| 44pt | Cover Title | "项目名称" | Cover slide only, Georgia |
| 28pt |
Section Header | "目录" (TOC title) | Largest body content, Georgia |
|
24pt | Subtitle | Tagline on cover | Cover slide only |
|
22pt | Action Title | Slide title bars | Main content titles,
bold, Georgia |
|
18pt | Sub-Header | Column headers, section names | Supporting titles |
|
16pt | Emphasis Text | Bottom takeaway on slide 8 | Callout text, bold |
|
14pt | Body Text | Tables, lists, descriptions |
PRIMARY BODY SIZE, all main content |
|
9pt | Footnote | Source attribution | Smallest, gray color only |
No other sizes should be used - stick to this hierarchy exclusively.
Line Treatment (CRITICAL)
Line Rendering Rules
- 1. All lines are FLAT - no shadows, no effects, no 3D
- Remove theme style references - prevents automatic shadow application
- Solid color only - no gradients or patterns
- Width varies by context - see table below
Line Width Specifications
| Usage | Width | Color | Context |
|---|
| Title separator (under action titles) | 0.5pt | BLACK | Below 22pt title |
| Column/section divider (under headers) |
0.5pt | BLACK | Below 18pt headers |
|
Table header line | 1.0pt | BLACK | Between header and first row |
|
Table row separator | 0.5pt | LINE_GRAY (#CCCCCC) | Between table rows |
|
Timeline line (roadmap) | 0.75pt | LINE_GRAY | Background for phase indicators |
|
Cover accent line | 2.0pt | NAVY | Decorative bottom-left on cover |
|
Column internal divider | 0.5pt | BLACK | Between "是什么" and "独到之处" |
Code Implementation (v1.1 — Rectangle-based Lines)
CRITICAL: Do NOT use slide.shapes.add_connector() for lines. Connectors carry <p:style> elements that reference theme effects and cause file corruption. Instead, draw lines as ultra-thin rectangles:
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IMPORTANT: Never use add_connector() — it causes file corruption. Always use add_hline() (thin rectangle).
Post-Save Full Cleanup (v1.1 — Nuclear Sanitization)
After prs.save(outpath), ALWAYS run full cleanup that sanitizes both theme XML and all slide XML:
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Text Box & Shape Treatment
Text Box Padding
All text boxes must have consistent internal padding to prevent text touching edges:
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Vertical Anchoring
Text must be anchored correctly based on usage:
| Content Type | Anchor | Code | Notes |
|---|
| Action titles | MIDDLE | INLINECODE8 | Centered vertically in bar |
| Body text |
TOP |
anchor='t' | Default, aligns to top |
| Labels | CENTER |
anchor='ctr' | For circle labels |
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Shape Styling
All shapes (rectangles, circles) must have:
- - Solid fill color (no gradients)
- NO border/line (
shape.line.fill.background()) - p:style removed immediately after creation (
_clean_shape()) - No shadow effects (enforced by both inline cleanup and post-save full_cleanup)
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Presentation Planning
This section provides mandatory guidance for planning presentation structure, selecting layouts, and ensuring adequate content density. These rules dramatically improve output quality across different LLM models.
Recommended Slide Structures
When creating a presentation, follow these templates unless the user explicitly specifies a different structure:
Standard Presentation (10-12 slides)
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Short Presentation (6-8 slides)
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CRITICAL RULES:
- - Minimum slide count: 8 slides for any substantive topic. If the user's content supports 10+, generate 10+.
- Never stop early: Generate ALL planned slides in a single script. Do not truncate.
- TOC must list ALL sections: The Table of Contents slide must enumerate every content slide by number and title.
Layout Diversity Requirement
Each content slide MUST use a DIFFERENT layout pattern from its neighbors. Repeating the same layout on consecutive slides makes the presentation feel monotonous and unprofessional.
Match content type to the optimal layout pattern:
| Content Type | Recommended Layouts | Avoid |
|---|
| Single key statistic | Big Number (#8) | Plain text |
| 2 options comparison |
Side-by-Side (#19), Before/After (#20) | Two-column text |
| 3-4 parallel concepts | Three-Pillar (#14), Four-Column (#27), Metric Cards (#10) | Bullet list |
| Process / steps | Process Chevron (#16), Vertical Steps (#30) | Numbered text |
| Timeline | Timeline/Roadmap (#29), Cycle (#31) | Bullet list |
| Data table | Data Table (#9), Scorecard (#22) | Plain text |
| Case study | Case Study (#33): Situation → Approach → Result | Two-column text |
| Summary / conclusion | Executive Summary (#24), Key Takeaway (#25) | Bullet list |
| Multiple KPIs | Three-Stat Dashboard (#12), Two-Stat Comparison (#11) | Plain text |
NEVER use Two-Column Text (#26) for more than 1 slide per deck. It is the least visually engaging layout.
Content Density Requirements
"Minimalism" in McKinsey design means removing decorative noise (shadows, gradients, clip-art), NOT removing content. A slide with 80% whitespace is not minimalist — it is EMPTY.
Mandatory minimums per content slide:
- 1. At least 3 distinct visual blocks — e.g., title bar + content area + takeaway box, or title + left panel + right panel
- Body text area utilization ≥ 50% of the available content space (between title bar at 1.4" and source line at 7.05")
- Action Title must be a FULL SENTENCE expressing the slide's key insight:
- ✅
"连接组约束的AI模型将自由参数减少90%，实现单细胞精度预测"
- ❌
"连接组约束的AI模型"
- 4. Use specific data points when the user provides them (numbers, percentages, names) — display them prominently with Big Number or Metric Card patterns
- Source attribution (
add_source()) on every content slide with specific references, not generic labels
Mandatory Slide Elements
EVERY content slide (except Cover and Closing) MUST include ALL of these:
| Element | Function | Position |
|---|
| Action Title | INLINECODE16 | Top (0.15" from top) |
| Title separator line |
Included in
add_action_title() | 1.05" from top |
| Content area | Layout-specific content blocks | 1.4" to 6.5" |
| Source attribution |
add_source(slide, text) | 7.05" from top |
| Page number |
add_page_number(slide, n, total) | Bottom-right corner |
Page number helper function:
def add_page_number(slide, num, total):
add_text(slide, Inches(12.2), Inches(7.1), Inches(1), Inches(0.3),
f"{num}/{total}", font_size=Pt(9), font_color=MED_GRAY,
alignment=PP_ALIGN.RIGHT)
Layout Patterns
Slide Dimensions
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Widescreen format (16:9), standard for all presentations.
Standard Margin/Padding
| Position | Size | Usage |
|---|
| Left margin | 0.8" | Default left edge |
| Right margin |
0.8" | Default right edge |
|
Top (below title) | 1.4" | Content start position |
|
Bottom | 7.05" | Source text baseline |
|
Title bar height | 0.9" | Action title bar |
|
Title bar top | 0.15" | From slide top |
Slide Type Patterns
1. Cover Slide (Slide 1)
Layout:
- - Navy bar at very top (0.05" height)
- Main title centered (44pt, Georgia, navy) at y=2.2"
- Subtitle (24pt, dark gray) at y=3.5"
- Date/info (14pt, med gray) at y=4.5"
- Decorative navy line at x=1", y=6.8" (2" wide, 2pt)
Code template:
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2. Action Title Slide (Most Content Slides)
Every main content slide has this structure:
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Code pattern:
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3. Table Layout (Slide 4 - Five Capabilities)
Structure:
- - Header row with column names (BODY_SIZE, gray, bold)
- 1.0pt black line under header
- Data rows (1.0" height each, 14pt text)
- 0.5pt gray line between rows
- 3 columns: Module (1.6" wide), Function (5.0"), Scene (5.1")
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4. Three-Column Overview (Slide 5)
Layout:
- - Left column (4.1" wide): "是什么"
- Middle column (4.1" wide): "独到之处"
- Right 1/4 (2.5" wide) gray panel: "Key Takeaways"
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Code:
left_x = Inches(0.8)
col_w5 = Inches(4.1)
mid_x = Inches(5.3)
takeaway_left = Inches(10.0)
takeaway_width = Inches(2.5)
# Left column
add_text(s5, left_x, content_top, col_w5, ...)
add_text(s5, left_x, content_top + Inches(0.6), col_w5, ...,
bullet=True, line_spacing=Pt(8))
# Right gray takeaway area
add_rect(s5, takeaway_left, Inches(1.2), takeaway_width, Inches(5.6), BG_GRAY)
add_text(s5, takeaway_left + Inches(0.15), Inches(1.35), takeaway_width - Inches(0.3), ...,
'Key Takeaways', font_size=BODY_SIZE, color=NAVY, bold=True)
add_text(s5, takeaway_left + Inches(0.15), Inches(1.9), takeaway_width - Inches(0.3), ...,
[f'{i+1}. {t}' for i, t in enumerate(takeaways)], line_spacing=Pt(10))
类别 A：结构导航
5. Section Divider (章节分隔页)
适用场景: 多章节演示文稿的章节过渡页，用于视觉上分隔不同主题模块。
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6. Table of Contents / Agenda (目录/议程页)
适用场景: 演示文稿开头的目录或会议议程，列出各章节及说明。
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7. Appendix Title (附录标题页)
适用场景: 正文结束后的附录/备用材料分隔页。
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类别 B：数据统计
8. Big Number / Factoid (大数据展示页)
适用场景: 用一个醒目的大数字引出核心发现或关键数据点。
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9. Two-Stat Comparison (双数据对比页)
适用场景: 并排展示两个关键指标的对比（如同比、环比、A vs B）。
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10. Three-Stat Dashboard (三指标仪表盘)
适用场景: 同时展示三个关键业务指标（如 KPI、季度数据）。
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11. Data Table with Headers (数据表格页)
适用场景: 结构化数据展示，如财务数据、功能对比矩阵、项目清单。
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12. Metric Cards Row (指标卡片行)
适用场景: 3-4个并排卡片展示独立指标，每个卡片含标题+描述。
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类别 C：框架矩阵
13. 2x2 Matrix (四象限矩阵)
适用场景: 战略分析（如 BCG 矩阵、优先级排序、风险评估）。
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14. Three-Pillar Framework (三支柱框架)
适用场景: 展示三个并列的核心策略、能力或主题模块。
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15. Pyramid / Hierarchy (金字塔/层级图)
适用场景: 展示层级关系（如 Maslow 需求层次、战略-战术-执行分层）。
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16. Process Chevron (流程箭头页)
适用场景: 线性流程展示（3-5步），如实施路径、业务流程、方法论步骤。
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17. Venn Diagram Concept (维恩图概念页)
适用场景: 展示两三个概念的交集关系（如能力交叉、市场定位）。
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18. Temple / House Framework (殿堂框架)
适用场景: 展示"屋顶-支柱-基座"的结构（如企业架构、能力体系）。
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类别 D：对比评估
19. Side-by-Side Comparison (左右对比页)
适用场景: 两个方案/选项/产品的并排对比分析。
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20. Before / After (前后对比页)
适用场景: 展示变革前后的对比（如流程优化、组织变革）。
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21. Pros and Cons (优劣分析页)
适用场景: 评估某个决策/方案的优势与风险。
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22. Traffic Light / RAG Status (红绿灯状态页)
适用场景: 多项目/多模块的状态总览（绿=正常、黄=关注、红=风险）。
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23. Scorecard (计分卡页)
适用场景: 展示多项评估维度的得分/评级，如供应商评估、团队绩效。
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类别 E：内容叙事
24. Executive Summary (执行摘要页)
适用场景: 演示文稿的核心结论汇总，通常放在开头或结尾。
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25. Key Takeaway with Detail (核心洞见页)
适用场景: 左侧详细论述 + 右侧灰底要点提炼，用于核心发现页。
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26. Quote / Insight Page (引言/洞见页)
适用场景: 突出一段重要引言、专家观点或核心洞察。
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```python
s = prs.slides.add_slide(BL)
add_rect(s, 0, 0, SW, Inches(0.05), NAVY)
add_hline(s, Inches(5.5), Inches(2.0), Inches(2.3), NAVY, Pt(1.5))
add_text(s, Inches(1.5), Inches(2.5), Inches(10.3), Inches(2.5),
'"引言内容，用于强调某个核心观点或专家洞见"',
fontsize=Pt(24), fontc
McKinsey PPT 设计框架
概述
该技能编码了专业商业演示文稿的完整设计规范——基于麦肯锡设计原则的顾问级 PowerPoint 框架。它包括：
- - 36 种布局模式，涵盖 7 个类别（结构、数据、框架、对比、叙事、时间线、团队）
- 色彩系统和严格的排版层级
- Python-pptx 代码模式，可直接复制和自定义
- 三层防护防止文件损坏（零 p:style 泄漏）
- 中文 + 英文字体处理（楷体 / Georgia / Arial）
所有规范均通过迭代的用户反馈进行优化，以确保视觉一致性和专业度。
何时使用该技能
当用户提出以下需求时使用该技能：
- 1. 创建演示文稿 — 推介材料、战略汇报、季度回顾、董事会幻灯片、咨询交付物、项目方案、商业计划书
- 以编程方式生成幻灯片 — 使用 python-pptx 从头生成 .pptx 文件
- 应用专业设计 — 麦肯锡 / BCG / 贝恩咨询风格，简洁扁平设计，无阴影或渐变
- 构建特定幻灯片类型 — 封面页、数据仪表盘、2x2 矩阵、时间线、漏斗图、团队介绍、执行摘要、对比布局
- 修复 PPT 问题 — 文件损坏（需要修复）、阴影/3D 异常、字体不一致、中文文本渲染问题
- 保持设计一致性 — 所有幻灯片统一的调色板、字体层级、间距和线条处理
核心设计理念
麦肯锡设计原则
- 1. 极致简约 - 移除所有非必要的视觉元素
- 除非绝对必要，否则不使用色块
- 线条：细、扁平、无阴影或 3D 效果
- 形状：简单、干净、无渐变
- 文字：清晰的层级，最大可读性
- 2. 一致性 - 在所有幻灯片中重复使用视觉语言
- 统一的调色板（深蓝 + 青色 + 灰色）
- 相同内容类型使用一致的字体大小和粗细
- 对齐的间距和边距
- 匹配的线条宽度和样式
- 3. 层级 - 引导观众浏览信息
- 标题栏（22pt）→ 副标题（18pt）→ 正文（14pt）→ 细节（9pt）
- 主要元素用深蓝色，次要元素用灰色，分隔用黑色
- 通过加粗、颜色、大小（而非效果）体现视觉权重
- 4. 扁平设计 - 无 3D、阴影或渐变
- 仅使用纯色
- 所有线条均为简单描边，无效果
- 形状无阴影或反射效果
- 圆形为纯色填充，非 3D 球体
设计规范
调色板
所有颜色均为 RGB 格式，适用于 python-pptx：
| 颜色名称 | 十六进制 | RGB | 用途 | 备注 |
|---|
| 深蓝 | #051C2C | (5, 28, 44) | 主要、标题、圆形 | 企业、正式基调 |
| 青色 |
#00A9F4 | (0, 169, 244) | 最初在 v1 中使用 |
已弃用 - 为保持一致性请使用深蓝 |
|
白色 | #FFFFFF | (255, 255, 255) | 背景、文字 | 仅在深蓝背景上使用 |
|
黑色 | #000000 | (0, 0, 0) | 线条、文字分隔符 | 用于清晰度和对比度 |
|
深灰 | #333333 | (51, 51, 51) | 正文、描述 | 主要内容文字 |
|
中灰 | #666666 | (102, 102, 102) | 次要文字、标签 | 比深灰色调更柔和 |
|
线条灰 | #CCCCCC | (204, 204, 204) | 浅色分隔线、表格行 | 仅用于表格分隔线 |
|
背景灰 | #F2F2F2 | (242, 242, 242) | 背景面板 | 要点/高亮区域 |
关键规则：在任何地方都使用深蓝 (#051C2C)，特别是：
- - 所有圆形指示器（A、B、C、1、2、3）
- 所有行动标题
- 所有主要章节标题
- 所有目录高亮颜色
强调色（用于多项目区分）
当幻灯片包含 3 个或更多并列项目（例如，对比卡片、支柱框架、多类别概览）时，使用这些强调色在项目之间创建视觉区分。如果没有强调色，并列项目将变得视觉上难以区分。
| 强调色名称 | 十六进制 | RGB | 搭配浅色背景 | 用途 |
|---|
| 强调蓝 | #006BA6 | (0, 107, 166) | #E3F2FD | 第一个项目强调色 |
| 强调绿 |
#007A53 | (0, 122, 83) | #E8F5E9 | 第二个项目强调色 |
|
强调橙 | #D46A00 | (212, 106, 0) | #FFF3E0 | 第三个项目强调色 |
|
强调红 | #C62828 | (198, 40, 40) | #FFEBEE | 第四个项目/警告 |
强调色使用规则：
- - 将强调色用于：卡片顶部强调边框（细 0.06 矩形）、圆形标签（addoval() 的 bg 参数）、章节副标题（fontcolor）
- 将搭配的浅色背景仅用于：卡片背景填充
- 卡片内的正文始终为 深灰 (#333333)
- 深蓝仍然是单一焦点元素（一张卡片、一个统计数据、封面标题）的主要颜色
- 仅当幻灯片有 3 个以上需要视觉区分的并列项目时，才使用强调色
- 如果红色对内容不合适，第四个项目（D）可以使用深蓝代替强调红
python
强调色常量
ACCENT_BLUE = RGBColor(0x00, 0x6B, 0xA6)
ACCENT_GREEN = RGBColor(0x00, 0x7A, 0x53)
ACCENT_ORANGE = RGBColor(0xD4, 0x6A, 0x00)
ACCENT_RED = RGBColor(0xC6, 0x28, 0x28)
LIGHT_BLUE = RGBColor(0xE3, 0xF2, 0xFD)
LIGHT_GREEN = RGBColor(0xE8, 0xF5, 0xE9)
LIGHT_ORANGE = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xF3, 0xE0)
LIGHT_RED = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xEB, 0xEE)
排版系统
字体家族
英文标题： Georgia（衬线，优雅）
英文正文： Arial（无衬线，干净）
中文（全部）：楷体（传统毛笔风格）
（后备：宋体）
关键实现：
python
def seteafont(run, typeface=KaiTi):
为中文文本设置东亚字体
rPr = run.r.getoraddrPr()
ea = rPr.find(qn(a:ea))
if ea is None:
ea = rPr.makeelement(qn(a:ea), {})
rPr.append(ea)
ea.set(typeface, typeface)
每个包含中文的段落必须对所有 run 应用 seteafont()。
字号层级
| 字号 | 类型 | 示例 | 备注 |
|---|
| 44pt | 封面标题 | 项目名称 | 仅封面幻灯片，Georgia |
| 28pt |
章节标题 | 目录（目录标题） | 最大正文内容，Georgia |
|
24pt | 副标题 | 封面标语 | 仅封面幻灯片 |
|
22pt | 行动标题 | 幻灯片标题栏 | 主要内容标题，
加粗，Georgia |
|
18pt | 副标题 | 列标题、章节名称 | 辅助标题 |
|
16pt | 强调文字 | 幻灯片 8 底部要点 | 标注文字，加粗 |
|
14pt | 正文 | 表格、列表、描述 |
主要正文大小，所有主要内容 |
|
9pt | 脚注 | 来源归属 |
